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Some of these changes might be primarily due to the host’s own defensive responses to infection or to exploitation of the host’s nutritional resources by the parasites. Examples of changes range from subtle shifts in one aspect of the host’s behavior to the performance of completely novel and complex behavioral patterns. Parasites and parasitoids often alter specific behaviors of their hosts. All funders offer research grants or money for laboratory equipment maintenance.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.įunding: This work was supported by MOG-Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (Grant number APQ-02104-14, CRA-30058/12) ( ) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior ( ) TGK, MOG, CFS: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (Grant numbers 140508/2012-0, 300295/2016-2,309787/2012-2, 306157/2014-4, 403733/2012-0 445832/2014-2, 573802/2008-4) ( ) Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos ( and Sistema Nacional de Laboratórios em Nanotecnologias (SisNANO)/Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Informação ( All funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Received: AugAccepted: JanuPublished: February 3, 2017Ĭopyright: © 2017 Kloss et al. PLoS ONE 12(2):Įditor: Peter Schausberger, University of Vienna, AUSTRIA Citation: Kloss TG, Gonzaga MO, de Oliveira LL, Sperber CF (2017) Proximate mechanism of behavioral manipulation of an orb-weaver spider host by a parasitoid wasp.